| September
2003
July 2003
June 2003
May 2003
September
11, 2003
We have finished
our sampling in your orchards for the season, and are down to
a bare-bones winter crew now. Last week we collected our final
taps and leaf samples for pest monitoring, yesterday we finished
running through the blocks for our codling moth injury evaluations,
and now all we need are your spray records!
I have updated
all the Sampling pages with end-of-season psylla charts showing
a whole season's worth of psylla population dynamics, and current
totals for the season's codling moth catches. We will continue
to monitor the codling moth activity for a couple more weeks.
Codling moth
injury looks, for the most part, very good. There were a few
problem spots, but we got values of 0 or 0.1% damage for most
of our samples.
I hope the
rest of harvest treats you well. Again, please send us your spray
records if you have not already done so.
-tm
Back
to Top
September
5, 2003
I hope harvest
is going well for everyone. Dr. Dunley is out of town for the
weekend, but I will pass along news about the situation out there
as soon as he returns.
Please send
us your spray record as soon as you can, so we can begin sorting
out all that data...
thanks,
-tm
August
22, 2003
Good luck with
the new certification possibility! Meeting Tuesday Aug. 26 to
go over the papers with Dr. Dunley...
The pear psylla
charts are all updated as of today in the Maps
and Sampling section. Please check these pages for the scoop,
and stay on top of your managment.
Here is a chart
of the last few weeks of codling moth flight in your area. Blocks
with 4 or fewer moths caught during this time are not shown,
blocks with greater than 20 total moths are shown in bold; all
other blocks had between 5 and 10 total moths.
We will continue
with our sampling next week, then begin doing final CM evaluations
as well.
-tm
Back
to Top
August
11, 2003
Sorry I'm a
bit behind on these updates, but I'm sure you all understand
how busy this part of the season can be!
We finished
up our first generation Codling Moth injury evaluations on 7/29.
We found a total of only 7 entries in all the fruit we examined,
and it looked like <50% of those entries produced moths. Entries
were found in the following blocks: 10(Org), 11(Org), 12(Conv),
29(Soft), 32(Soft), and 35(Org).
We will also
be doing a second generation pre-harvest sample, in which we'll
walk through orchards again and evaluate CM damage.
Flight for
the second generation of Codling moth continued last week at
a low level, with total catch last week 28 moths, 58 the previous
week. The highest pressure continues to be the Organic blocks
10 and 36, with some catch also in conventional blocks 1 and
21, and the occasional single moth at other sites.
We also plan
to look through some of your bins and evaluate for pear psylla
damage.
-tm
Back
to Top
July
28, 2003
Codling Moth
injury evaluations continue to go well, though it is too dang
hot to be out there doing them! We have completed evaluations
of 1/2 of the blocks now, and plan to get an early start tomorrow
to knock some more out before the full heat of the day. The total
number of entries is now up to 6--and four of these entries would
not produce moths. Only two live entries have been found, one
in block 32 (soft management, no pheromone) and one in block
10 or 11 (sorry, I don't remember which--one block had a dead
entry, the other a live one)(Organic management). We will be
looking at our conventional sites tomorrow.
Flight for
the second generation of Codling moth is happening now, with
total catch last week up to 88 moths, from 39 the previous week
and a half. The highest pressure continues to be the Organic
blocks 10, 15, and 34-36, with some catch also in the soft blocks
along Campbell Rd.
Degree days
were up to an average of 1100 in the valley on last Wednesday,
which puts us at about 1220 or more today.
-tm
Back
to Top
July
16, 2003
So here's the
scoop. John, the crew, and I went out to Peshastin today to begin
codling moth injury counts. We began sampling in those blocks
with the highest pressure--the most moths per trap this season--and
expanded from there. We looked at 9 sites today, a total of 9,000
fruit, and found only 3 entries--two of which were dead--and
15 or so stings. That comes to 0.03% of the fruit with entries,
and 0.17% with stings. This is very good news. The Entrust is
working for us, even in those blocks with 125-325 moths caught
for the season.
There is rust
mite damage in a few locations, and pear psylla pressure is variable.
Some blocks look very good, but there are a few places that need
to treat very soon to keep the pressure down.
-tm
Back
to Top
July
14, 2003
Here are weather
data and codling moth counts from last week, 7/9-11. Psylla charts
are also updated.
We will be
sampling for codling moth injury this week and next, so you might
see us dragging ladders around the orchards along with our usual
sampling gear.
-tm
Weather
data and codling moth Degree Days
|
|
Date
|
Average
Max.
|
Average
Min.
|
Daily
Accumulation
|
Accumulated
Degree Days
|
Peshastin
|
7/9/2003
|
83.6
|
44.6
|
15.0
|
802.1
|
Creek
|
7/10/2003
|
93.8
|
49.2
|
20.6
|
822.8
|
Weather
|
7/11/2003
|
93.8
|
58.0
|
24.9
|
847.7
|
| |
12-Jul
|
82.2
|
55.7
|
19.0
|
866.6
|
projected
|
13-Jul
|
83.9
|
54.7
|
19.3
|
885.9
|
from
|
14-Jul
|
85.8
|
54.4
|
20.1
|
906.0
|
30-yr
|
15-Jul
|
85.9
|
54.5
|
20.2
|
962.1
|
average
|
16-Jul
|
86.8
|
54.8
|
20.8
|
946.9
|
(TFREC)
|
17-Jul
|
88.6
|
55.7
|
22.1
|
969.0
|
| |
18-Jul
|
90.8
|
56.8
|
23.5
|
992.4
|
Codling
moth trap-catch
Site
|
7/3-7/10
|
Site
|
7/3-7/10
|
Site
|
7/3-7/10
|
1
|
0
|
15
|
|
29
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
16
|
|
30
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
17
|
0
|
31
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
18
|
0
|
32
|
10
|
5
|
0
|
19
|
0
|
33
|
3
|
6
|
0
|
20
|
0
|
34
|
0
|
7
|
0
|
21
|
1
|
35
|
0
|
8
|
0
|
22
|
0
|
36
|
0
|
9
|
0
|
23
|
0
|
37
|
0
|
10
|
0
|
24
|
0
|
38
|
0
|
11
|
13
|
25
|
0
|
39
|
1
|
12
|
0
|
26
|
0
|
40
|
1
|
13
|
0
|
27
|
0
|
41
|
0
|
14
|
|
28
|
0
|
|
|
Back
to Top
July
7, 2003
Here are weather
data and codling moth counts from last week, 7/2 and 7/3.
Next week
the crew and I will begin doing codling moth injury evaluations
on the Peshastin Creek orchards. We will be examining 1000 fruit
per orchard (500 from upper canopy, 500 low) for codling moth
entries .These counts will give us some more information about
codling moth pressure and the success of your spray programs,
as well as an idea of what to expect from the second flight.
These counts will probably take us two weeks to complete, but
I will try to get an injury report to you as soon as I can.
-tm
Weather
data and codling moth Degree Days
|
|
Date
|
Average
Max.
|
Average
Min.
|
Daily
Accumulation
|
Accumulated
Degree Days
|
Peshastin
|
7/1/2003
|
75.42
|
48.04
|
12.0
|
682.2
|
Weather
|
7/2/2003
|
76.21
|
41.79
|
10.7
|
692.9
|
|
3-Jul
|
84.5
|
52.9
|
18.7
|
711.6
|
| |
4-Jul
|
82.6
|
55.4
|
19.0
|
730.6
|
projected
|
5-Jul
|
81.6
|
54.1
|
17.8
|
748.4
|
from
|
6-Jul
|
89.0
|
54.5
|
21.7
|
770.1
|
30-yr
|
7-Jul
|
84.6
|
57.0
|
20.8
|
790.9
|
average
|
8-Jul
|
85.1
|
54.8
|
19.9
|
810.8
|
(TFREC)
|
9-Jul
|
85.4
|
56.7
|
21.1
|
831.8
|
| |
10-Jul
|
83.2
|
55.6
|
19.4
|
851.2
|
Codling
moth trap-catch
Site
|
6/25-7/3
|
Site
|
6/25-7/3
|
Site
|
6/25-7/3
|
1
|
0
|
15
|
31
|
29
|
17
|
2
|
0
|
16
|
1
|
30
|
1
|
3
|
0
|
17
|
0
|
31
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
18
|
0
|
32
|
12
|
5
|
0
|
19
|
0
|
33
|
20
|
6
|
0
|
20
|
0
|
34
|
12
|
7
|
0
|
21
|
7
|
35
|
16
|
8
|
0
|
22
|
0
|
36
|
20
|
9
|
1
|
23
|
0
|
37
|
1
|
10
|
0
|
24
|
0
|
38
|
1
|
11
|
1
|
25
|
0
|
39
|
4
|
12
|
0
|
26
|
1
|
40
|
13
|
13
|
0
|
27
|
1
|
41
|
6
|
14
|
2
|
28
|
0
|
|
|
Back
to Top
June
30, 2003
The poster
board at the Nicholson fruit stand has been updated. There is
a research poster for public information on the front of the
board, and Peshastin Creek Growers' pest management information
on the back. Posted information includes sampling maps, psylla
counts, codling moth counts, and weather data. The same information
can be found here on the website. I hope to regularly update
information on-line and at the fruit stand, but the website will
keep its priority position.
In addition
to seeing the continuation of a small CM flight in the valley,
rust mites have begun to make a regular appearance in blocks
34-36, and are occasionally spotted in lower numbers in block
40.
Weather
data and codling moth Degree Days
|
|
Date
|
Average
Max.
|
Average
Min.
|
Daily
Accumulation
|
Accumulated
Degree Days
|
|
|
6/26/2003
|
90.71
|
53.71
|
21.9
|
588.6
|
Peshastin
|
6/27/2003
|
89.17
|
57.36
|
23.2
|
611.8
|
Creek
|
6/28/2003
|
91.83
|
50.67
|
20.7
|
632.5
|
Weather
|
6/29/2003
|
88.50
|
50.33
|
19.4
|
651.9
|
| |
6/30/2003
|
|
52.17
|
|
664.8
|
projected
|
1-Jul
|
79.1
|
51.2
|
16.7
|
681.5
|
from
|
2-Jul
|
79.0
|
52.5
|
16.3
|
697.8
|
30-yr
|
3-Jul
|
81.3
|
51.0
|
18.7
|
716.5
|
average
|
4-Jul
|
82.7
|
51.6
|
19.0
|
735.5
|
(TFREC)
|
5-Jul
|
84.3
|
53.3
|
17.8
|
753.3
|
Codling
moth trap-catch
Site
|
6/18-6/25
|
Site
|
6/18-6/25
|
Site
|
6/18-6/25
|
1
|
1
|
15
|
11
|
29
|
6
|
2
|
2
|
16
|
0
|
30
|
1
|
3
|
0
|
17
|
0
|
31
|
1
|
4
|
1
|
18
|
0
|
32
|
2
|
5
|
0
|
19
|
0
|
33
|
16
|
6
|
0
|
20
|
0
|
34
|
3
|
7
|
0
|
21
|
1
|
35
|
3
|
8
|
0
|
22
|
0
|
36
|
24
|
9
|
0
|
23
|
0
|
37
|
1
|
10
|
2
|
24
|
0
|
38
|
0
|
11
|
3
|
25
|
0
|
39
|
3
|
12
|
0
|
26
|
2
|
40
|
0
|
13
|
0
|
27
|
0
|
41
|
1
|
14
|
0
|
28
|
1
|
|
|
-tm
Back
to Top
June
16, 2003
Peshastin Creek
CM degree days reached low-to-mid 450's today. Codling moth counts
continue to drop.
Site
|
6/11-6/16
|
Site
|
6/12-6/16
|
Site
|
6/13-6/16
|
1
|
1
|
15
|
13
|
29
|
8
|
2
|
0
|
16
|
1
|
30
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
17
|
0
|
31
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
18
|
0
|
32
|
5
|
5
|
0
|
19
|
0
|
33
|
1
|
6
|
0
|
20
|
2
|
34
|
1
|
7
|
down
|
21
|
1
|
35
|
0
|
8
|
down
|
22
|
0
|
36
|
0
|
9
|
0
|
23
|
1
|
37
|
0
|
10
|
2
|
24
|
1
|
38
|
0
|
11
|
3
|
25
|
0
|
39
|
0
|
12
|
0
|
26
|
1
|
40
|
3
|
13
|
0
|
27
|
0
|
41
|
1
|
14
|
1
|
28
|
0
|
|
|
-tm
Back
to Top
June
13, 2003
Today in the
Peshastin Creek valley the orchard blocks reached an approximate
average of 412 CM degree days. Projected DDs are listed below.
500 DD still looks to be here on the 18th or 19th of June.
|
|
Date
|
Average
Max.
|
Average
Min.
|
Daily
Accumulation
|
Accumulated
Degree Days
|
|
|
6/9/2003
|
81.00
|
54.29
|
18.3
|
360.7
|
Peshastin
|
6/10/2003
|
75.50
|
49.13
|
12.4
|
373.1
|
Creek
|
6/11/2003
|
81.50
|
45.00
|
14.0
|
387.2
|
Weather
|
6/12/2003
|
80.75
|
46.38
|
14.1
|
401.2
|
| |
6/13/2003
|
71.17
|
51.17
|
11.2
|
412.4
|
projected
|
14-Jun
|
79.8
|
52.1
|
15.9
|
428.3
|
from
|
15-Jun
|
79.1
|
51.2
|
15.2
|
443.4
|
30-yr
|
16-Jun
|
79.0
|
52.5
|
15.7
|
459.2
|
average
|
17-Jun
|
81.3
|
51.0
|
16.1
|
475.3
|
(TFREC)
|
18-Jun
|
82.7
|
51.6
|
17.1
|
492.4
|
|
|
19-Jun
|
84.3
|
53.3
|
18.8
|
511.2
|
We added very
few codling moths to this week's counts between Monday and today.
Below is the total trap-catch for the past 8-10 days.
Site
|
6/03-6/11
|
Site
|
6/04-6/12
|
Site
|
6/04-6/13
|
1
|
3
|
15
|
34
|
29
|
9
|
2
|
0
|
16
|
0
|
30
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
17
|
5
|
31
|
1
|
4
|
1
|
18
|
0
|
32
|
8
|
5
|
1
|
19
|
0
|
33
|
7
|
6
|
4
|
20
|
2
|
34
|
50
|
7
|
1
|
21
|
5
|
35
|
23
|
8
|
0
|
22
|
2
|
36
|
66
|
9
|
1
|
23
|
0
|
37
|
0
|
10
|
11
|
24
|
9
|
38
|
0
|
11
|
103
|
25
|
1
|
39
|
2
|
12
|
1
|
26
|
13
|
40
|
7
|
13
|
2
|
27
|
2
|
41
|
0
|
14
|
5
|
28
|
0
|
|
|
A poster board
has been installed at Dennis's fruit stand--it is still blank,
but we hope to bring out a poster and field notes next week when
we come out to sample.
Please check the sampling data pages for the latest
psylla counts.
-tm
Back
to Top
June
10, 2003
Flight was
down significantly yesterday when I ran the trapline. Peak flight
for first generation is now past, tho we still have some spots
with significant numbers. Maintaining a timely program now with
your oil sprays is very important to prevent damage.
Site
|
6/03-6/09
|
Site
|
6/04-6/09
|
Site
|
6/04-6/09
|
1
|
3
|
15
|
33
|
29
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
16
|
0
|
30
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
17
|
0
|
31
|
1
|
4
|
1
|
18
|
0
|
32
|
6
|
5
|
1
|
19
|
0
|
33
|
7
|
6
|
3
|
20
|
2
|
34
|
38
|
7
|
1
|
21
|
4
|
35
|
22
|
8
|
0
|
22
|
1
|
36
|
54
|
9
|
1
|
23
|
0
|
37
|
0
|
10
|
10
|
24
|
9
|
38
|
0
|
11
|
83
|
25
|
1
|
39
|
2
|
12
|
1
|
26
|
8
|
40
|
6
|
13
|
2
|
27
|
2
|
41
|
0
|
14
|
3
|
28
|
0
|
|
|
Yesterday
we were at 360 DD, today we should be in mid 370's. Degree days
are projected through 500 DD in the table below, using 30-yr
average temperatures from WSU-TFREC station in Wenatchee. The
Peshastin Creek weather was retrieved in the morning and early
afternoon on 6/9/03; the average high might be shown as a little
lower than the actual high for this day. If you look at the prediction
from last week you will notice that the temperatures this past
week have been high enough to put us 20-30 DD ahead of predictions
based on 30-yr averages. Keep this in mind; if temperatures continue
to be significantly higher than the 30-yr temps we will continue
to outpace this prediction. Use this prediction only as a basic
guide, and check for weather updates here or at other weather
monitoring stations (see the weather section
in our links page for a few resources).
|
|
Date
|
Average
Max.
|
Average
Min.
|
Daily
Accumulation
|
Accumulated
Degree Days
|
|
|
6/5/2003
|
91.00
|
46.08
|
18.7
|
278.91
|
Peshastin
|
6/6/2003
|
92.21
|
49.42
|
20.3
|
299.20
|
Creek
|
6/7/2003
|
92.64
|
52.00
|
21.6
|
320.81
|
Weather
|
6/8/2003
|
88.36
|
53.82
|
21.1
|
341.96
|
|
|
6/9/2003
|
81.00
|
54.00
|
17.5
|
359.47
|
projected
|
10-Jun
|
79.2
|
49.0
|
14.2
|
373.68
|
from
|
11-Jun
|
81.0
|
50.0
|
15.5
|
389.12
|
30-yr
|
12-Jun
|
80.6
|
51.7
|
16.2
|
405.24
|
average
|
13-Jun
|
77.9
|
51.6
|
14.7
|
419.90
|
(TFREC)
|
14-Jun
|
79.8
|
52.1
|
15.9
|
435.80
|
|
|
15-Jun
|
79.1
|
51.2
|
15.2
|
451.02
|
|
|
16-Jun
|
79.0
|
52.5
|
15.7
|
466.7
|
|
|
17-Jun
|
81.3
|
51.0
|
16.1
|
482.8
|
|
|
18-Jun
|
82.7
|
51.6
|
17.1
|
499.9
|
Thanks to
you growers and fieldmen who were able for meeting us out in
the field yesterday to talk about and look for predators and
beneficial insects. I'm sorry not everyone was able to make it.
Thanks also to Dave Horton and Gene Miliczky for taking time to teach us more
about the biocontrol agents we have living in our orchards.
 -tm
Back
to Top
June
8, 2003
Dave Horton
from USDA-ARS in Wapato will meet us tomorrow (Monday) at 11
at Dick Smithson’s place (in the parking area on the northeast
side of Block 7). Dave is the expert on generalist natural enemies
of pear psylla, and he does a great job at helping out nozzleheads
like me figure out what bugs are out there.
Gene Miliczky
will also be coming up. Gene is another USDA scientist at Wapato,
and he is a spider fanatic. Gene is one of the few entomologists
willing to work with those icky arachnids. He has been looking
at the impact of soft programs on spider populations in orchards,
and has tried to determine the impacts of the increased spider
densities on biocontrol of pests such as pear psylla.
The hot weather
is going to put pressure on those that haven't treated, but it
will help the efficacy of the materials that have been put out
(stress the insects a bit more -- I don't think that the insects
can be any more stressed than we all are right now, as was shown
at the meeting Thursday).
See you tomorrow.
-jd
June
5, 2003
Weather
update: Today's degree days, according to the weather
data I got when we returned to the lab, is in the 275-278
range, depending on how hot it gets today (if maximum
temp is 75° we are at 275 DD; if it gets up to 89°-90° we
will reach 278 DD today). The table below lists projected min
and max temperatures for the next 7+ days. I'll update projections
as weather data comes in. Please stay tuned, and adjust your
spray timing projections accordingly...
| |
Date |
Max
|
Min
|
Daily
Accumulation
|
Accumulated
Degree Days
|
today
|
6/5/2003
|
75.08
|
46.25
|
11.2
|
270.5
|
projected
|
6-Jun
|
76.9
|
46.25
|
13.8
|
284.4
|
|
|
7-Jun
|
77.3
|
52.0
|
14.6
|
299.0
|
30-yr
|
8-Jun
|
76.0
|
51.4
|
13.7
|
312.7
|
average
|
9-Jun
|
78.5
|
49.0
|
13.8
|
326.5
|
(TFREC)
|
10-Jun
|
79.2
|
49.0
|
14.2
|
340.6
|
| |
11-Jun
|
81.0
|
50.0
|
15.5
|
356.1
|
| |
12-Jun
|
80.6
|
51.7
|
16.2
|
372.3
|
| |
13-Jun
|
77.9
|
51.6
|
14.7
|
387.0
|
| |
14-Jun
|
79.8
|
52.1
|
15.9
|
402.9
|
-tm
Back
to Top
June
4, 2003
We reached
240 degree days yesterday, and almost 255 DD today. I hope all
of you were able to get your 200-250 DD sprays out. Below is
a chart of weather trends for the second half of May and 1st
week of June.
The codling
moth counts have continued to rise this week, especially in the
organic blocks. With the warm weather and calm evenings the moths
have been putting on a pretty good show. We are at peak flight
now, so counts should decrease from here.
Site
|
5/29-6/03
|
Site
|
5/29-6/04
|
Site
|
5/29-6/04
|
1
|
2
|
15
|
118
|
29
|
10
|
2
|
1
|
16
|
0
|
30
|
1
|
3
|
0
|
17
|
0
|
31
|
0
|
4
|
X
|
18
|
1
|
32
|
1
|
5
|
1
|
19
|
0
|
33
|
6
|
6
|
X
|
20
|
2
|
34
|
59
|
7
|
17
|
21
|
4
|
35
|
47
|
8
|
2
|
22
|
2
|
36
|
89
|
9
|
7
|
23
|
18
|
37
|
0
|
10
|
76
|
24
|
26
|
38
|
0
|
11
|
93
|
25
|
13
|
39
|
5
|
12
|
0
|
26
|
9
|
40
|
19
|
13
|
5
|
27
|
14
|
41
|
2
|
14
|
15
|
28
|
2
|
|
|
-tm
Back
to Top
May
30, 2003
Here are the
CM catches for the week--John thought a simple table like I did
before might be most efficient for us all... Also some DD information
for you, and I've updated yesterday's weather chart thru 5/30.
Please note that today's weather data is from before noon (not
that I think it warmed up any more today...)
I've also
added the new egg and nymph charts, from leaf samples.
I hope you
didn't all get rained out today.
-tm
Codling
moth catches for the 3rd week of May
Site
|
5/22-5/29
|
Site
|
5/22-5/29
|
Site
|
5/22-5/19
|
1
|
0
|
15
|
71
|
29
|
13
|
2
|
4
|
16
|
0
|
30
|
1
|
3
|
0
|
17
|
0
|
31
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
18
|
0
|
32
|
1
|
5
|
0
|
19
|
0
|
33
|
1
|
6
|
2
|
20
|
2
|
34
|
7
|
7
|
2
|
21
|
3
|
35
|
7
|
8
|
0
|
22
|
0
|
36
|
28
|
9
|
24
|
23
|
2
|
37
|
0
|
10
|
38
|
24
|
4
|
38
|
0
|
11
|
53
|
25
|
7
|
39
|
0
|
12
|
2
|
26
|
8
|
40
|
36
|
13
|
2
|
27
|
27
|
41
|
0
|
14
|
2
|
28
|
1
|
|
|
Accumulated
degree days and temperature data for the past week
| Date |
Max
Temp. |
Min
Temp. |
Daily
Accumulation
|
Accumulated
Degree Days |
5/24/2003
|
87.46
|
48.13
|
18.0
|
115.1
|
5/25/2003
|
73.75
|
50.08
|
11.9
|
127.0
|
5/26/2003
|
79.13
|
40.54
|
11.9
|
138.9
|
5/27/2003
|
82.33
|
45.71
|
14.7
|
153.6
|
5/28/2003
|
79.65
|
49.96
|
14.8
|
168.4
|
5/29/2003
|
87.13
|
45.00
|
16.8
|
185.2
|
5/30/2003
|
63.06
|
51.50
|
7.3
|
192.5
|
-tm
Back
to To
May
29, 2003
I've added
some brief charts for CM data to the Maps
and Sampling section. Only total catches for the season are
shown, but that should be some help.
This week's
catches were quite high in some of the organic blocks--between
5/21 and 5/29, blocks 10, 11, 15, and 36 caught between 28 and
71 CM each. In these blocks, we recommend spraying Entrust with
your 200 DD oil sprays. This should help control the codling
moth somewhat, with the added benefit of some pear psylla control.
Catches were
also high in blocks 27 and 40 (25-35 CM each). As these blocks
are in soft management, Entrepid would be the tool of choice
for you.
Here is a chart
of some weather data for your viewing pleasure.
-tm
May
28, 2003
Sorry all,
I have to run.
But--I was close on my estimates for the temps--P. Creek averages 166 DD today.
We had some high trap catches between 5/22 and 5/28--I'll fill in details tomorrow
Again, sorry
-tm
May
27, 2003
Dennis sent
me a request for information this morning, and I thought I'd
share my response with you all.
He asked when
I would next update the degree day predictions, considering the
warm spell we've been having... He also asked for a bit more
explanation about degree day modeling. Follows my response to
him, augmented a bit.
I
hope to update the DD calculation tomorrow--I'll download
the past week's temps when we go
out in the a.m., and try to crunch the numbers before I have
to leave the lab in the p.m. I've just sat down and tried
a few estimated numbers, temps from Wenatchee and forecast
from the DOT station in Dryden for May 23 thru May 29, and
it looks like the weekend's warmer temps will bring the estimated
200 DD forward from the 2nd of June to the 31st of May. I'll
let you know if that changes tomorrow when i look at the
actual numbers.
As far as how
degree day calculations work, I've got a spreadsheet
with the formulas built into it to do the calc'ns for me!
But really, it works like this:
1) high and low temperatures for each
day are used to estimate the shape of the temperature
curve (you can also use the actual temperatures for the
entire day if you just can't get enough of crunching
numbers)
2) a bit of calculus gives you the
integral of the sine curve--the area under the temperature
curve--that lies between 50° and 88°
3) in other words, now you know how many
degrees over 50° (but still under 88°) the temperature
was, for how much time of the day.
4) if the temperature is over the threshold
temperature (50°) by one degree for one day (24hrs),
one degree day has been accumulated
note: the lower temperature threshold is
the temperature below which the CM don't develop, the upper
threshold is where additional degrees no longer increase
the rate of development--and in some cases actually retards
development
the lower and upper thresholds are specific to both insect and location
Between
biofix on 5/10 and 5/14 (Wednesday) we accumulated and average
of 9.5 DD each day. Temperatures were much cooler the next
several days, and we accumulated an ave. of 3.7 DD from 5/14
to 5/20. If my estimates of P. Creek temperatures
are close to accurate, we have accumulated an average
of 13 DD ea. day since, with a range of 9DD to 18DD. We will likely
see accumulations of 10-16DD per day for the next two weeks.
With today being approximately 160 DD, you
can make your own estimates of when we will reach the critical
spray-timings of 200, 220, and 250 DD. But no fear--I'll
be doing that for you as well.
Hope this helps.
-tm
Back
to Top
May
22, 2003
Just downloaded
weather data from the valley this a.m., and updated the codling
moth Degree Day Model. We are at 80 DDs today so far; my highs
are not necessarily the highs for today because I had collected
all the weather sites by noon, and there is a small chance that
it got a little warmer than 66.5 today...
Anyway, 80
DD today, and if the weather is in low to mid 70's for the next
week we'll see 200 DD on the 1st or 2nd of June.
-tm
May
20, 2003
I checked the
CM trapline on the 14th and again on the 19th; the weather was
cool over the weekend and we didn't pick up too many moths the
later part of the week. Below is the week-total for the CM traps.
Site
|
5/12-5/19
|
Site
|
5/12-5/19
|
Site
|
5/12-5/19
|
1
|
0
|
15
|
0
|
29
|
2
|
2
|
0
|
16
|
0
|
30
|
1
|
3
|
0
|
17
|
0
|
31
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
18
|
0
|
32
|
2
|
5
|
0
|
19
|
0
|
33
|
0
|
6
|
0
|
20
|
2
|
34
|
0
|
7
|
4
|
21
|
3
|
35
|
0
|
8
|
0
|
22
|
0
|
36
|
8
|
9
|
6
|
23
|
0
|
37
|
0
|
10
|
6
|
24
|
0
|
38
|
0
|
11
|
9
|
25
|
3
|
39
|
0
|
12
|
0
|
26
|
5
|
40
|
2
|
13
|
0
|
27
|
4
|
41
|
0
|
14
|
0
|
28
|
0
|
|
|
John has decided
we should set biofix at May 10--looking at the weather data this
is where the temps first got up high enough for first flight.
My weather stations throughout the valley show fairly close readings,
a bit of local variation but not too much. We gained an average
of 10 degree days per day between May 7 and May 14, though less
than 4 DD on Thursday (May 15) and on Friday. I'll download weather
data again later this week and update estimates, but based on
30yr average we can expect to reach 200 DD at the end
of the month. Here is a chart of the weather over the
past week and a half, from mid-afternoon on May 7 to afternoon
on May 16. Peaks correspond to midday temperatures. Maximum temperature,
81.5°, was recorded on May 10 (Saturday) at block 41--Keizer
Orchard #2--and minimum was around 5:00am on May 16 (Friday),
26° in the upper valley.
-tm
May
13, 2003 9:30 pm
Okay, Mike
and I were the only ones attending the meeting, so we had the
meeting without you all. We discussed various codling moth programs,
and the possibilities for using Esteem within the next week to
manage both pear psylla and codling moth in the soft program
orchards.
We also put
on a demonstration of an elegant entomological experiment investigating
the attractiveness in the lab of various baits to drosophilid
fruit flies. We decided that ethanol was likely the best attractant.
However, our results were inconclusive, as the fly behavior was
confounded by bubbles of carbonation (which were a distinct irritant
to the flies – I think it tickled their noses). But what
really made the experiment tough was that Mike was unwilling
to leave the bait undisturbed long enough to see if the flies
were actually contacting it. Unfortunately, we ran out before
the study was concluded.
(actually,
Mike called me before I drove up to let me know that no one else
was there. So we figured we would reschedule -- and I figure
you all owe him an array of six chilled containers of carbonated
fruit fly bait)
(and we really
did discuss the merits of an Esteem application, so maybe I should
mention that the containers of carbonated fruit fly bait are
most easily purchased and transported by the case)
-jd
Back
to Top
May
13, 2003
So, the moths
are finally moving, and we have a good idea of biofix (thanks
to Tara). The date is likely May 10, however we need to review
the weather data before that becomes official.
Now the degree
day (DD) accumulation begins. With the level of resolution we
have this year, hopefully more of you will feel comfortable going
with an oil program for codling moth control (perhaps in combination
with other programs in the higher pressure areas). In the oil
program, applications of oil at 1% to 2% should be made at 200,
400, and 600 DD. If we get some late flight, then another application
goes on at 800 DD (or thereabouts, depending on when we get a
second peak). This program will also help control pear psylla
and spider mites and is inexpensive. With proper timing, and
in combination with the mating disruption already in place, I
believe this program will work well. And it fits both the organic
and soft programs, naturally (sweet).
For those higher
pressure areas using the soft program, either an Esteem or Dimilin
can be applied at around 80 DD. As I have written in the other
News and Notes, with the psylla still in early instars this IGR
timing should do a fine job controlling pear psylla along with
codling moth.
Another alternative
in the soft programs is Intrepid for codling moth. This would
be preferred if you feel comfortable with your current psylla
pressure (Intrepid provides no psylla control) and have concerns
about higher codling moth pressure (Intrepid is the most effective
of the IGRs for codling moth). Intrepid also gives you a little
bit more time to make your decision, as it should be applied
around 200-250 DD (but don’t tell Dennis this – we
are telling him to apply it at 100 DD, knowing that it will be
around 220 DD by the time he gets around to it).
The organic
blocks also have an alternative to the pheromone and oil program
(or oil + azadirachtin, if you will). Entrust is the spinosad
(Success) that is organically-approved. However, we don’t
have a lot of information about how well this will work, although
we do expect it will work at least as well as an oil program.
During the development of Success, we did quite a bit of codling
moth work in high pressure situations, and found that there was
an effect. However, that effect was not close to the ‘standards’,
Guthion and Imidan. So we haven’t looked at Success under
more ‘normal’ pressure (however, I am not sure if
I am willing to put most codling moth densities in organic orchards
as ‘normal’). While we expect Entrust to be a success
(the puns are endless), we won’t know for sure until this
season.
Meeting tonight,
7 pm
-jd
May
12, 2003
I ran the trapline
this a.m. and found moths in about 1/3 of the blocks. I missed
an exact pinpoint for biofix but it did occur over the weekend;
Saturday looks most likely. There was a cluster of higher catches
on the lower east slope around Kraus's orchard, and single-moth
catches scattered through the rest of the valley. I borrowed
the trap from site #6 over the weekend to use in Kraus's goldens,
so there is no weekend data for this site--it is back in place
now, though.
I'll be downloading the weather data on Wednesday, so we can get a better idea
about biofix then.
Please refer
to the Maps pages if you are unsure
of the number I'm using to identify your block.
Site
|
CM
catch
|
Site
|
CM
catch
|
Site
|
CM
catch
|
1
|
0
|
15
|
8
|
29
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
16
|
0
|
30
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
17
|
0
|
31
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
18
|
0
|
32
|
0
|
5
|
1
|
19
|
0
|
33
|
0
|
6
|
no
trap
|
20
|
0
|
34
|
1
|
7
|
1
|
21
|
1
|
35
|
0
|
8
|
0
|
22
|
0
|
36
|
3
|
9
|
0
|
23
|
0
|
37
|
0
|
10
|
13
|
24
|
1
|
38
|
0
|
11
|
17
|
25
|
0
|
39
|
0
|
12
|
0
|
26
|
1
|
40
|
0
|
13
|
0
|
27
|
1
|
41
|
0
|
14
|
2
|
28
|
0
|
|
|
-tm
Back
to Top
May
9, 2003
Still no codling
moth trap catches, so we are waiting for biofix to happen. The
traps and weather stations are all out, so now we wait. Tara
is putting a trap out in Jeff’s golden block (the highest
pressure site) today, so hopefully we can get the first male
to emerge (I will now restrain myself from making a joke at Jeff’s
expense, but just this once). Pear psylla nymph counts are rising
slowly, as is my anxiety level. I don’t see any problems,
it’s just early season jitters.
Our next meeting
is planned for next Tuesday (May 13) at 7 pm. Bring your questions
and suggestions. And your sense of humor.
-jd
May
5, 2003
I hope you
will have noticed that the new features of the PCG section of
our site are up and running. In addition to the new Maps and
Sampling page in the PCG section, check out the new Links
page on the main Pearent site for PCG links, weather data,
organic pest management links, as well as other spray guides,
IPM recommendations, and a multitude of miscellaneous resources.
Please contact me if you have questions, or ideas to make the
site more helpful. We still hope to get a poster board out in
the valley, but this site seems to be functioning well enough
that we will wait on that until full tourist season arrives.
I'm trying to keep the insect monitoring graphs updated weekly with our new
counts. Some weeks there will be a few days delay, but I hope this will prove
more useful than no information... We missed a sampling day (Apr 24) due to
rain so only half of our blocks have data for that week, but we managed to
get to everyone's orchard this past week so there is current data on the maps
and sampling page. If the weather holds we will sample again mid-week.
A few of you will notice additional stakes and flagging near the edges of your
blocks--I've laid out the transects I will be using to monitor predator activity
throughout the season. Temperature monitors have also started to go up in scattered
orchards through the valley; hopefully I will be able to make this data available
to you as growers and fieldmen.
-tm
Back
to Top
|
